Sex, the Queen of Problems in Evolutionary Biology
Evolution or design? You will be amazed at the complexity and different systems needed to be in place for human reproduction to be possible! 1
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t1685-sex-the-queen-of-problems-in-evolutionary-biologyy
women are born with a limited number of eggs and generally releases only one egg per cycle.
Question: without an egg release fertilisation is impossible. Therefore, would this system not have to be in place right from the beginning?
Sperms develop only 3 to 5 degrees lower than body temperature. The scrotum expands/contracts to get further/closer from the body. This keeps the sperms at the right temperature in order that they do not die.
Question: would this system not have to be fully in place right from the beginning? Otherwise, no sperms would be produced.
Sperms and eggs have each 23 chromosomes, while the other cells in humans have 46 chromosomes.
Question: how did evolution produce these highly specialized cells, which have only half of the number of chromosomes, than all the other cells ? The gender of the baby is decided by the sperm. Sperms either have x , or y chromosomes. The egg is always x.xx = girl , xy = boy. Wouldn't have both the x and the y chromosome sperm have to have been in place at the same time? Otherwise, only one gender would be produced. To have any hope of reproduction first men would have to be able to pass semen from his body to the woman's body.
Question: wouldn't this system have to be in place right from the beginning? Also, what intermediary system could there be? Either the sperm was able to leave the body, or it was not. Sperm must be able to swim. Sperm is highly specialized for the task to fertilize the egg which includes being able to swim.
Question: would sperm not need to be able to swim right from the beginning? Without being able to swim, it could not reach the egg. Sperm must find the egg. Even if they can swim, they have the huge task to find the egg. Fortunately, the egg releases progesterone as a chemoattractant that points the sperm the way to the egg.
Questions: Wouldn't this system need to be in place from the beginning? How did evolution produce sperms that can sense progesterone? And know that they have to follow it to find the egg?
Sperm has the correct enzyme on the head to be able to penetrate the egg wall. When a sperm reaches the egg it releases special enzymes which break down the tougher wall of the egg. Without these enzymes, the egg could not fertilize the egg.
Question: wouldn't this system have to be in place from the beginning? Egg outer wall hardens in order for another sperm not being able to penetrating the same egg. Fertilisation by more than one sperm inevitably leads to the death of the embryo. Shortly after the egg enters the sperm, the outer membrane hardens and becomes impenetrable to another.
Question: would this system not have to be in place right from the beginning? Sperm and egg must fuse in order their nuclei to become one. The nucleus of the egg fuses with the nucleus of the sperm uniting both genetic materials to become a new individual.
Question: How can evolution explain this? The fertilized egg must attach to the uterus wall. The newly fertilized egg is covered in the molecule " i selectin " which enables it to stick to the uterus wall.
Question: wouldn't this molecule have to be in place right from the beginning? Without it, the egg would not attach, and the pregnancy would end. The placenta is an extremely complex piece of equipment. it acts as the lung, kidney, and digestive system of the baby.
Question: how does evolution explain the placenta? Without it, the baby would not survive. Would it not have to be there right from the beginning with all its functions in place? Before birth, the baby gets its oxygen from the placenta. Its lungs are in a collapsed state and receive little blood supply. Most of the blood destined for the lungs is diverted through a hole between the top chambers of the heart. All of this has to change within the first moments of birth. Sensors in the baby's skin and within its blood vessels detect temperature drops and rising CO2 level which makes the baby take its first breath. The baby's lungs are coated in a fluid called surfactant which significantly reduces the force needed to inflate the lungs. The inflated lungs reduce the pressure in the heart which in turn closes the hole in the heart which in turn sends more blood to the lungs.
Questions: Wouldnt the sensors and programming to stimulate the first breath not had to have been there right from the beginning?
Conclusion: The human reproductive process is a complicated process of systems that could not have come about gradually.
Evolution, or design? definitively, design.
Human reproduction proves design not evolution
Human reproduction is made possible by an incredible system of systems. The theory of evolution proposes that things evolve gradually over time. Please bear that in mind when you read about the marvellous human reproductive system. The following is a list of the systems involved.
The evolution from asexual to sexual is not a favorite topic of discussion in most evolutionary circles, because no matter how many theories evolutionists conjure up (and there are several), they still must surmount the enormous hurdle of explaining the origin of the first fully functional female and the first fully functional male necessary to begin the process.
Exactly how did we arrive at two separate genders (at the same time) each with its own physiology?
If this system wasn’t in place from the beginning then no eggs would be released making fertilization impossible.
This system has to have been in place from the beginning or all the sperm would die?
How did it come to be that these cells only have 23 chromosomes?
If sperm were only x or only y then the species would quickly die out since only one gender would be produced. Both types of sperm had to be there from the beginning?
If sperm couldn’t swim from the beginning then they couldn’t reach the egg to fertilize it. Quite lucky that sperm can swim aren’t we?
If this cervical mucus was not in place from the start then sperm could not reach the egg?
If the seminal fluids were not alkaline then the sperm would die before reaching the egg
The hormone also triggers a last-gasp jolt of hyperactivity in the sperm when they are close to the egg, where progesterone is highly concentrated.
“Hyperactive sperm beat their tails forcefully like a whiplash, and appear to mobilise their last reserves of strength – like marathon runners in the home stretch,”.
This final burst of energy helps the sperm penetrate the egg.How would sperm evolve to know to swim towards the female hormones?
There are over 75,000 known enzymes in nature. Lucky that the sperm has the right one!
Shields up! Fertilization by more than one sperm ‘polyspermy’ inevitably leads to the death of the embryo. Is it luck that this system is in place?
What are the chances of this? It’s truly a miracle.
What are the chances that the egg would be covered in the right molecule to help it attach to the uterus?
The placenta continues to produce progesterone which stabilises conditions inside the uterus until birth. This is important because among other things: stimulates the growth of breast tissue, prevents lactation until after birth, strengthens the mucus plug covering the cervix to prevent infection, stops the uterus from contracting.This amazing selfless organ is vital… without it there would be no baby. It had to be there from the beginning?
Wouldn’t the sensors and programming to stimulate the first breath had to have been there from the beginning? Without the surfactant easing the tension in the lungs the baby would not be able to breath.. so that had to be there from the beginning too?
If you believe that all these parts of the system can come into being at the same time by chance then you are looking at a virtually impossible odds of 1 in 2.25 sextillion and that is just with a 1 in 10 for most parts of the process!
http://nathanielclaiborne.com/the-most-uncomfortable-argument-against-common-ancestry/
The Survival Value of Half A Genital
In order for common ancestry to be true, we must all share a single common ancestor. In order for that to be true, at some point genetic reproduction would have to have evolved from being purely asexual to also including coitus (to use Sheldon Cooper’s preferred term). Keep in mind that this had to happen gradually. And not just gradually, but in two separate streams (so to speak). One set of genes in a population of organisms would need to focus on gradually perfecting the vagina, while another focuses on the penis. Somehow, this genetic adaptation needs to provide survival value to continue developing.
Supposing it does, once we have organisms with fully formed genitals, they need to find each other. And then, well, they need to get it on (or at least fumble around enough to exchange fluids). Now, there is no evidence for exactly how this took place, much less evidence that it did in fact take place. Given Coyne’s two statements in the beginning of this post, I am inclined to deny common ancestry on the basis of a comically incomplete amount of evidence. Reproduction evolving from asexual to sexual doesn’t even make sense in an evolutionary paradigm as Coyne himself points out:
Biologists still question whether any known advantage outweighs the twofold cost of sex (156).
If you see how the reasoning works you’ll understand this isn’t particularly a problem for someone already committed to evolution in its totality. Because we all share a common ancestor, at some point reproduction had to evolve into the sexual realm, and because that has clearly happened, it must offer some kind of genetic advantage even if we don’t know what it is. I don’t know about you, but that sounds like faith in the absence of evidence to me.
I can see though that if one is an evolutionist and a naturalist, there really isn’t another option. You have to believe in common ancestry because it’s part of the overall theory. Likewise, you have to believe that sexual reproduction evolved gradually even if there is no evidence that this happened because it is the only way to link lower and higher forms of life to a single spontaneous evolution of non-life to life.
The Sex Life of Fossils
What applies to the issue of common ancestry in general also applies to human-primate relations in particular. While we can find fossils of primates that no longer exist, unless we can establish reproductive connections it would be hard to both distinguish different species and put them in a proper progression.
In other words, if a species is a “reproductively isolated” population or community of organisms, how can we know who these hominid fossils were shagging? While we can determine the sex of a fossil, from I’ve read it seems like it would hard to determine the sex life of a fossil, but that’s precisely what you would need to know in order to prove it is a separate species from another similar fossil find. If they weren’t “reproductively isolated” then they might not be separate species. You may be able to establish “reproductive compatibility” (like the fact we can mate tigers and lions) but that doesn’t validate that pre-historic coitus was actually taking place.
In short, I think we would need to know quite a bit more about who these hominid fossils where shacking up with before we can really establish firm boundaries between species. We also need this kind of information to better understand the sequence of species. Until there is more clear evidence on both of these fronts, I’m inclined to deny common ancestry both in the larger sense (all of life goes back to a single organism) and in the particular sense of man’s relation to the apes. This latter sense is what unnecessarily leads scientifically naive people to rethink the creation of man in Genesis (e.g. Peter Enns’ The Evolution of Adam). If you’re able to look at the available scientific evidence with a philosopher’s eye however, this kind of revisionism is unnecessary. But who knows, one day we may have all the intimate sexual details we need to fill in the blanks.
http://www.evolutionnews.org/2011/07/spinning_fanciful_tales_about_048281.html
http://crev.info/2014/11/sex-cells/
http://www.conservapedia.com/Counterexamples_to_Evolution
For evolution to be true, every male dog, cat, horse, elephant, giraffe, fish and bird had to have coincidentally evolved with a female alongside it (over billions of years) with fully evolved compatible reproductive parts and a desire to mate, otherwise the species couldn't keep going.
http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2014/07/07/how-did-sex-start/
Most of the single-celled organisms in the world, like bacteria, reproduce asexually by making copies of themselves. So how did sex come to rule the animal kingdom? Scientists have been trying to figure out the origin of sex for hundreds of years, without much luck.
Asexual reproduction is more convenient and requires less effort: there’s no search for a partner and you get to pass all your genes along, from the U.K.’s National History Museum:
In many ways asexual reproduction is the better evolutionary strategy: only one parent is needed and all of their genes are passed on to the next generation. All bacteria, most plants and even some animals reproduce asexually at least some of the time.
Sex is less efficient. Finding a mate can take time and energy, and any gametes that aren’t fertilised go to waste. Plus, each parent only passes half of its genes to the offspring.
One of the many problems with the so-called "common ancestor" fantasy is that gender-differentiation could not possibly have evolved or developed gradually, from a creature that was not gender-differentiated, as the darwinist claims. This is because reproduction of gender-differentiated offspring is an "all-or-none" scenario. Gender differentiation must necessarily have manifested 100% complete, with both genders and all of their respective organs and behaviors fully represented, or it could have never manifested at all. Such simultaneous and complete manifestation of two different genders -- along with their matching yet differentiated sexual organs as well as their matching yet differentiated sexual behaviors -- would necessarily require an immense amount of planning and organization, from an extremely powerful and extremely intelligent designer.
1. http://goddidit.org/human-reproduction/
Evolution or design? You will be amazed at the complexity and different systems needed to be in place for human reproduction to be possible! 1
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t1685-sex-the-queen-of-problems-in-evolutionary-biologyy
women are born with a limited number of eggs and generally releases only one egg per cycle.
Question: without an egg release fertilisation is impossible. Therefore, would this system not have to be in place right from the beginning?
Sperms develop only 3 to 5 degrees lower than body temperature. The scrotum expands/contracts to get further/closer from the body. This keeps the sperms at the right temperature in order that they do not die.
Question: would this system not have to be fully in place right from the beginning? Otherwise, no sperms would be produced.
Sperms and eggs have each 23 chromosomes, while the other cells in humans have 46 chromosomes.
Question: how did evolution produce these highly specialized cells, which have only half of the number of chromosomes, than all the other cells ? The gender of the baby is decided by the sperm. Sperms either have x , or y chromosomes. The egg is always x.xx = girl , xy = boy. Wouldn't have both the x and the y chromosome sperm have to have been in place at the same time? Otherwise, only one gender would be produced. To have any hope of reproduction first men would have to be able to pass semen from his body to the woman's body.
Question: wouldn't this system have to be in place right from the beginning? Also, what intermediary system could there be? Either the sperm was able to leave the body, or it was not. Sperm must be able to swim. Sperm is highly specialized for the task to fertilize the egg which includes being able to swim.
Question: would sperm not need to be able to swim right from the beginning? Without being able to swim, it could not reach the egg. Sperm must find the egg. Even if they can swim, they have the huge task to find the egg. Fortunately, the egg releases progesterone as a chemoattractant that points the sperm the way to the egg.
Questions: Wouldn't this system need to be in place from the beginning? How did evolution produce sperms that can sense progesterone? And know that they have to follow it to find the egg?
Sperm has the correct enzyme on the head to be able to penetrate the egg wall. When a sperm reaches the egg it releases special enzymes which break down the tougher wall of the egg. Without these enzymes, the egg could not fertilize the egg.
Question: wouldn't this system have to be in place from the beginning? Egg outer wall hardens in order for another sperm not being able to penetrating the same egg. Fertilisation by more than one sperm inevitably leads to the death of the embryo. Shortly after the egg enters the sperm, the outer membrane hardens and becomes impenetrable to another.
Question: would this system not have to be in place right from the beginning? Sperm and egg must fuse in order their nuclei to become one. The nucleus of the egg fuses with the nucleus of the sperm uniting both genetic materials to become a new individual.
Question: How can evolution explain this? The fertilized egg must attach to the uterus wall. The newly fertilized egg is covered in the molecule " i selectin " which enables it to stick to the uterus wall.
Question: wouldn't this molecule have to be in place right from the beginning? Without it, the egg would not attach, and the pregnancy would end. The placenta is an extremely complex piece of equipment. it acts as the lung, kidney, and digestive system of the baby.
Question: how does evolution explain the placenta? Without it, the baby would not survive. Would it not have to be there right from the beginning with all its functions in place? Before birth, the baby gets its oxygen from the placenta. Its lungs are in a collapsed state and receive little blood supply. Most of the blood destined for the lungs is diverted through a hole between the top chambers of the heart. All of this has to change within the first moments of birth. Sensors in the baby's skin and within its blood vessels detect temperature drops and rising CO2 level which makes the baby take its first breath. The baby's lungs are coated in a fluid called surfactant which significantly reduces the force needed to inflate the lungs. The inflated lungs reduce the pressure in the heart which in turn closes the hole in the heart which in turn sends more blood to the lungs.
Questions: Wouldnt the sensors and programming to stimulate the first breath not had to have been there right from the beginning?
Conclusion: The human reproductive process is a complicated process of systems that could not have come about gradually.
Evolution, or design? definitively, design.
Human reproduction proves design not evolution
Human reproduction is made possible by an incredible system of systems. The theory of evolution proposes that things evolve gradually over time. Please bear that in mind when you read about the marvellous human reproductive system. The following is a list of the systems involved.
Asexual to sexual reproduction
The evolution from asexual to sexual is not a favorite topic of discussion in most evolutionary circles, because no matter how many theories evolutionists conjure up (and there are several), they still must surmount the enormous hurdle of explaining the origin of the first fully functional female and the first fully functional male necessary to begin the process.
Exactly how did we arrive at two separate genders (at the same time) each with its own physiology?
Female egg release system
Woman is born with a limited number of eggs and generally only releases one egg per cycle.If this system wasn’t in place from the beginning then no eggs would be released making fertilization impossible.
Sperm development temperature
Sperm only develop in temperatures 3 – 5 degrees fahrenheit lower than the body. The scrotum has a built in thermostat. If the temperature is too cold or too hot the scrotum contracts/expands to get closer/further from the body. This keeps the sperm at the correct temperature so that they don’t die.This system has to have been in place from the beginning or all the sperm would die?
Sperm and egg have only 23 single chromosomes
Unlike every cell of the human body, which have 46 chromosomes (in 23 pairs), these cells have only 23 (not in pairs).How did it come to be that these cells only have 23 chromosomes?
Sperm determines whether it is a girl or a boy
The egg is always x chromosome. The sperm can be either x or y chromosome. xx = girl, xy = boy.If sperm were only x or only y then the species would quickly die out since only one gender would be produced. Both types of sperm had to be there from the beginning?
Man being able to pass semen out of his body
Wouldn’t this system need to be in place from the start? Otherwise the sperm could not reach the egg?Sperm must be able to swim
The sperm are highly specialized for the task of fertilizing an egg.If sperm couldn’t swim from the beginning then they couldn’t reach the egg to fertilize it. Quite lucky that sperm can swim aren’t we?
Cervical mucus for sperm transport
The importance of normal Cervical Mucus in natural reproduction is widely recognised. For most of a woman’s cycle the Cervical Mucus is a thick gel and hostile to sperm, with a low pH and a structure that stops sperm transport by the presence of closely spaced microfibers. During ovulation, however, the Cervical Mucus becomes more alkaline (higher pH), and more fluid. This allows the sperm to swim through the mucus and into the uterus.If this cervical mucus was not in place from the start then sperm could not reach the egg?
Semen is alkaline
The normal environment of the vagina is a hostile one for sperm, as it is very acidic and patrolled by immune cells. The seminal plasma attempts to compensate for this hostile environment.If the seminal fluids were not alkaline then the sperm would die before reaching the egg
Sperm needs to find the egg
Cells surrounding the egg release progesterone as a “chemoattractant” that “points the sperm the way to the egg”.The hormone also triggers a last-gasp jolt of hyperactivity in the sperm when they are close to the egg, where progesterone is highly concentrated.
“Hyperactive sperm beat their tails forcefully like a whiplash, and appear to mobilise their last reserves of strength – like marathon runners in the home stretch,”.
This final burst of energy helps the sperm penetrate the egg.How would sperm evolve to know to swim towards the female hormones?
Sperm has correct enzyme on head that can penetrate egg wall
The first sperm that reaches the egg releases a special enzyme to eat through the outer layer (zona pellucid) of the egg.There are over 75,000 known enzymes in nature. Lucky that the sperm has the right one!
Egg outer wall hardens to prevent other sperm fertilizing the same egg
Polyspermy (more than one sperm entering the egg) is almost always fatal for the egg. To prevent this, several changes to the egg’s cell membranes renders them impenetrable shortly after the first sperm enters the egg.Shields up! Fertilization by more than one sperm ‘polyspermy’ inevitably leads to the death of the embryo. Is it luck that this system is in place?
Sperm and egg must fuse so that their nuclei become one
The nucleus of the sperm fuses with the nucleus of the egg, uniting both genetic materials together to form a brand new individual.What are the chances of this? It’s truly a miracle.
Fertilized egg must attach to the uterus wall
Egg is covered in a molecule called L-selectin which binds to the carbohydrates in the uterus wall!What are the chances that the egg would be covered in the right molecule to help it attach to the uterus?
The amazing placenta
The placenta is an extremely complex piece of biological equipment. It allows the mother’s blood and the baby’s to come into very close contact – but without ever mixing. This enables blood to pass across nutrients and oxygen to the baby, and waste products like carbon dioxide to go back from baby to mother. It acts as the lung, kidney and digestive system for the baby.The placenta continues to produce progesterone which stabilises conditions inside the uterus until birth. This is important because among other things: stimulates the growth of breast tissue, prevents lactation until after birth, strengthens the mucus plug covering the cervix to prevent infection, stops the uterus from contracting.This amazing selfless organ is vital… without it there would be no baby. It had to be there from the beginning?
Baby’s first breath
Before birth the baby is surrounded by amniotic fluid and get’s it’s oxygen from the placenta. The baby has lungs but they are in a collapsed state and receive little blood supply. Most of the blood destined for the lungs is diverted through a hole between the top chambers of the heart. All this has to change within the first few moments after birth. Sensors on the baby’s skin and within blood vessels detect temperature drops and rising carbon dioxide levels… which makes the baby takes its first breath. The lungs are coated with a special fluid called ‘surfactant’ which significantly reduces the force needed to inflate the lungs. The inflated lungs reduces the pressure in the heart which in turn closes the hole between the top two chambers which in turn sends more blood supply to the lungs!Wouldn’t the sensors and programming to stimulate the first breath had to have been there from the beginning? Without the surfactant easing the tension in the lungs the baby would not be able to breath.. so that had to be there from the beginning too?
Mother produces milk
Amazingly, a mother’s breast milk contains everything that her baby needs including: vitamins, mineral, digestive enzymes, hormones and antibodies that help the baby fight infections. It is also only produced after childbirth and is on tap for the child when it wants it. Proponents of evolution have come up with some just so stories for the evolution of breastfeeding but no hard evidence. It is quite amazing that the mother produces food directly from her own body.Can evolution account for this system of systems?
The human reproductive system is a highly advanced process which cannot have come about gradually. Either the sperm can follow the female hormones to the egg or they cannot. Either the sperm can penetrate the egg wall or it cannot.If you believe that all these parts of the system can come into being at the same time by chance then you are looking at a virtually impossible odds of 1 in 2.25 sextillion and that is just with a 1 in 10 for most parts of the process!
http://nathanielclaiborne.com/the-most-uncomfortable-argument-against-common-ancestry/
The Survival Value of Half A Genital
In order for common ancestry to be true, we must all share a single common ancestor. In order for that to be true, at some point genetic reproduction would have to have evolved from being purely asexual to also including coitus (to use Sheldon Cooper’s preferred term). Keep in mind that this had to happen gradually. And not just gradually, but in two separate streams (so to speak). One set of genes in a population of organisms would need to focus on gradually perfecting the vagina, while another focuses on the penis. Somehow, this genetic adaptation needs to provide survival value to continue developing.
Supposing it does, once we have organisms with fully formed genitals, they need to find each other. And then, well, they need to get it on (or at least fumble around enough to exchange fluids). Now, there is no evidence for exactly how this took place, much less evidence that it did in fact take place. Given Coyne’s two statements in the beginning of this post, I am inclined to deny common ancestry on the basis of a comically incomplete amount of evidence. Reproduction evolving from asexual to sexual doesn’t even make sense in an evolutionary paradigm as Coyne himself points out:
Biologists still question whether any known advantage outweighs the twofold cost of sex (156).
If you see how the reasoning works you’ll understand this isn’t particularly a problem for someone already committed to evolution in its totality. Because we all share a common ancestor, at some point reproduction had to evolve into the sexual realm, and because that has clearly happened, it must offer some kind of genetic advantage even if we don’t know what it is. I don’t know about you, but that sounds like faith in the absence of evidence to me.
I can see though that if one is an evolutionist and a naturalist, there really isn’t another option. You have to believe in common ancestry because it’s part of the overall theory. Likewise, you have to believe that sexual reproduction evolved gradually even if there is no evidence that this happened because it is the only way to link lower and higher forms of life to a single spontaneous evolution of non-life to life.
The Sex Life of Fossils
What applies to the issue of common ancestry in general also applies to human-primate relations in particular. While we can find fossils of primates that no longer exist, unless we can establish reproductive connections it would be hard to both distinguish different species and put them in a proper progression.
In other words, if a species is a “reproductively isolated” population or community of organisms, how can we know who these hominid fossils were shagging? While we can determine the sex of a fossil, from I’ve read it seems like it would hard to determine the sex life of a fossil, but that’s precisely what you would need to know in order to prove it is a separate species from another similar fossil find. If they weren’t “reproductively isolated” then they might not be separate species. You may be able to establish “reproductive compatibility” (like the fact we can mate tigers and lions) but that doesn’t validate that pre-historic coitus was actually taking place.
In short, I think we would need to know quite a bit more about who these hominid fossils where shacking up with before we can really establish firm boundaries between species. We also need this kind of information to better understand the sequence of species. Until there is more clear evidence on both of these fronts, I’m inclined to deny common ancestry both in the larger sense (all of life goes back to a single organism) and in the particular sense of man’s relation to the apes. This latter sense is what unnecessarily leads scientifically naive people to rethink the creation of man in Genesis (e.g. Peter Enns’ The Evolution of Adam). If you’re able to look at the available scientific evidence with a philosopher’s eye however, this kind of revisionism is unnecessary. But who knows, one day we may have all the intimate sexual details we need to fill in the blanks.
http://www.evolutionnews.org/2011/07/spinning_fanciful_tales_about_048281.html
http://crev.info/2014/11/sex-cells/
http://www.conservapedia.com/Counterexamples_to_Evolution
For evolution to be true, every male dog, cat, horse, elephant, giraffe, fish and bird had to have coincidentally evolved with a female alongside it (over billions of years) with fully evolved compatible reproductive parts and a desire to mate, otherwise the species couldn't keep going.
http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2014/07/07/how-did-sex-start/
Most of the single-celled organisms in the world, like bacteria, reproduce asexually by making copies of themselves. So how did sex come to rule the animal kingdom? Scientists have been trying to figure out the origin of sex for hundreds of years, without much luck.
Asexual reproduction is more convenient and requires less effort: there’s no search for a partner and you get to pass all your genes along, from the U.K.’s National History Museum:
In many ways asexual reproduction is the better evolutionary strategy: only one parent is needed and all of their genes are passed on to the next generation. All bacteria, most plants and even some animals reproduce asexually at least some of the time.
Sex is less efficient. Finding a mate can take time and energy, and any gametes that aren’t fertilised go to waste. Plus, each parent only passes half of its genes to the offspring.
One of the many problems with the so-called "common ancestor" fantasy is that gender-differentiation could not possibly have evolved or developed gradually, from a creature that was not gender-differentiated, as the darwinist claims. This is because reproduction of gender-differentiated offspring is an "all-or-none" scenario. Gender differentiation must necessarily have manifested 100% complete, with both genders and all of their respective organs and behaviors fully represented, or it could have never manifested at all. Such simultaneous and complete manifestation of two different genders -- along with their matching yet differentiated sexual organs as well as their matching yet differentiated sexual behaviors -- would necessarily require an immense amount of planning and organization, from an extremely powerful and extremely intelligent designer.
1. http://goddidit.org/human-reproduction/
Last edited by Admin on Fri Dec 21, 2018 3:21 am; edited 21 times in total