Assembling and maintaining the Photosystem II complex in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t1580-assembling-and-maintaining-the-photosystem-ii-complex-in-chloroplasts-and-cyanobacteria
Imagine a car factory. Robots mount the cars there, almost without any human intervention. All automatic. Like in a production line.
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria grow because of their ability to use sunlight to extract electrons from water. This vital reaction is catalyzed by the Photosystem II (PSII) complex, a large multisubunit pigment-protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Recent results show that assembly of PSII occurs in defined regions of the membrane system.
Nano robots ( the assembly factor proteins ) build the nanomachines, like the PSII subunit, the oxygen-evolving complex, ( which splits water utilizing energy from the sun to split water into protons, electrons, and oxygen ), beside a large number of protein, pigments, lipids, and ions, in a highly coordinated and extremely precise, step-wise fashion. It proceeds through a number of distinct assembly intermediates. And when the job is done, they go away, they are not part and component of fully assembled monomeric and dimeric core complexes.
All these indispensable subunits are assembled together :
- 17 intrinsic sub-units
- 3 extrinsic sub-units
- cofactors
- 35 chlorophylls
- 2 pheophytins
- 11 β-carotenes
- > 20 lipids
- plastoquinones
- 2 heme irons
- 1 non-heme iron
- 4 manganese atoms,
- 4 calcium atoms
- 3 Cl- ions per monomer
Now imagine, the car factory suddenly gets destroyed partially because of a fire. Firemen immediately come and stop the fire. The same happens inside leaves. But, differently as with the car factory, where the firemen have to be called to come and do the job.
PSII is also prone to irreversible damage by sunlight at all light intensities. A PSII repair cycle operates to selectively remove and replace damaged subunits, primarily the D1 subunit, within PSII thereby helping to maintain PSII activity.
Explaining the make of the Flagellum is nothing compared to this one....Not only must the biosynthesis and make of the subunits, cofactors, etc. be explained but also the machinery to build the factory complex......
Proponents of naturalism say, that it all was build-up without any intelligence behind it.
When you see a car factory and all these robots, such nonsense would not even pass through your head. But when it happens in nature, you don't need a second to take it as granted, as if it would be something normal ??
Crazy......
http://www.alga.cz/userfiles/media/file/sobotka/COPB_komenda_2012.pdf
Assembling and maintaining the Photosystem II complex in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria
http://www.alga.cz/userfiles/media/file/sobotka/COPB_komenda_2012.pdf
Recent results show that assembly of PSII occurs in a step-wise fashion in defined regions of the membrane system, involves conserved auxiliary factors and is closely coupled to chlorophyll biosynthesis.
During biogenesis the large number of proteins, pigments, lipids and ions in PSII must beassembledextremely precisely.PSII is also prone to irreversible damage by sunlight at all light intensities. A PSII repair cycle operates to selectively remove and replace damaged subunits, primarily the D1 subunit, within PSII thereby helping to maintain PSII activity
http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/106/1/1.full
Assembly of PSII is highly co-ordinated and proceeds through a number of distinct assembly intermediates. Associated with these assembly complexes are proteins that are not found in the final functional PSII complex. Structural information and possible functions are beginning to emerge for several of these 'assembly' factors, notably Ycf48/Hcf136, Psb27 and Psb28.
My point :
how could these assembly intermediates be result of evolution, faced the fact that they have no function outside and beside building the PSII complex ?
How could they find out through evolution, how the subunits would have to be mounted in the right sequence, order, and at the right place ? what survival advantage would that bring to these intermediates ? Survival is only granted as a whole of the fully assembled ans working PSII complex.
http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/conten...1/347.abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis produces various radicals and active oxygen species with harmful effects on photosystem II (PSII). Such photodamage occurs at all light intensities. Damaged PSII centres, however, do not usually accumulate in the thylakoid membrane due to a rapid and efficient repair mechanism.
My point:
unless this repair mechanism would have not been in place right from the beginning, PSII probably would not be able to function in order to sustain life of the plant, algae, or bacterium for enough time. How could it evolve separately ? That is a interdependent system.
The PSII alone would have no function, but the whole Z-Scheme must be in place, with all nano machines, light harvesting complexes, oxygen evolving complex, Photosystem complexes, subunits, ATP Synthase, Calvin Cycle, Rubisco , Thykaloid membrane in place to form a proton gradient etc. Thats a highly complex interdependent system. Take away one part, like chlorophyll molecules, and the whole system ceases to function..... How do you imagine it to arise through evolution ? And why and how after all, would natural processes select such a energy intesive and extremely complex way like water splitting ?
http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/conten...1/347.abstract
The excellent design ( :=)) ) of PSII gives protection to most of the protein components and the damage is most often targeted only to the reaction centre D1 protein. Repair of PSII via turnover of the damaged protein subunits is a complex process involving
(i) highly regulated reversible phosphorylation of several PSII core subunits
Photosynthetic water splitting involves highly oxidative chemistry, which is accomplished by a unique PSII complex. PSII converts light energy into chemical form using water as a source of electrons and liberating molecular oxygen as a side product. Light is a harmful substrate for the water-splitting PSII complex, exposing its protein subunits to structural damage.
A number of protective systems exist in the thylakoid membrane and surrounding stroma to dissipate excess light energy and to scavenge various radicals and active oxygen species.
My point :
how could this regulation be result of evolution ? unless the regulation mechanism were not fully in place and working, it would have no function
thats just a few things to name....
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t1580-assembling-and-maintaining-the-photosystem-ii-complex-in-chloroplasts-and-cyanobacteria
Imagine a car factory. Robots mount the cars there, almost without any human intervention. All automatic. Like in a production line.
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria grow because of their ability to use sunlight to extract electrons from water. This vital reaction is catalyzed by the Photosystem II (PSII) complex, a large multisubunit pigment-protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Recent results show that assembly of PSII occurs in defined regions of the membrane system.
Nano robots ( the assembly factor proteins ) build the nanomachines, like the PSII subunit, the oxygen-evolving complex, ( which splits water utilizing energy from the sun to split water into protons, electrons, and oxygen ), beside a large number of protein, pigments, lipids, and ions, in a highly coordinated and extremely precise, step-wise fashion. It proceeds through a number of distinct assembly intermediates. And when the job is done, they go away, they are not part and component of fully assembled monomeric and dimeric core complexes.
All these indispensable subunits are assembled together :
- 17 intrinsic sub-units
- 3 extrinsic sub-units
- cofactors
- 35 chlorophylls
- 2 pheophytins
- 11 β-carotenes
- > 20 lipids
- plastoquinones
- 2 heme irons
- 1 non-heme iron
- 4 manganese atoms,
- 4 calcium atoms
- 3 Cl- ions per monomer
Now imagine, the car factory suddenly gets destroyed partially because of a fire. Firemen immediately come and stop the fire. The same happens inside leaves. But, differently as with the car factory, where the firemen have to be called to come and do the job.
PSII is also prone to irreversible damage by sunlight at all light intensities. A PSII repair cycle operates to selectively remove and replace damaged subunits, primarily the D1 subunit, within PSII thereby helping to maintain PSII activity.
Explaining the make of the Flagellum is nothing compared to this one....Not only must the biosynthesis and make of the subunits, cofactors, etc. be explained but also the machinery to build the factory complex......
Proponents of naturalism say, that it all was build-up without any intelligence behind it.
When you see a car factory and all these robots, such nonsense would not even pass through your head. But when it happens in nature, you don't need a second to take it as granted, as if it would be something normal ??
Crazy......
http://www.alga.cz/userfiles/media/file/sobotka/COPB_komenda_2012.pdf
Assembling and maintaining the Photosystem II complex in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria
http://www.alga.cz/userfiles/media/file/sobotka/COPB_komenda_2012.pdf
Recent results show that assembly of PSII occurs in a step-wise fashion in defined regions of the membrane system, involves conserved auxiliary factors and is closely coupled to chlorophyll biosynthesis.
During biogenesis the large number of proteins, pigments, lipids and ions in PSII must beassembledextremely precisely.PSII is also prone to irreversible damage by sunlight at all light intensities. A PSII repair cycle operates to selectively remove and replace damaged subunits, primarily the D1 subunit, within PSII thereby helping to maintain PSII activity
http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/106/1/1.full
Assembly of PSII is highly co-ordinated and proceeds through a number of distinct assembly intermediates. Associated with these assembly complexes are proteins that are not found in the final functional PSII complex. Structural information and possible functions are beginning to emerge for several of these 'assembly' factors, notably Ycf48/Hcf136, Psb27 and Psb28.
My point :
how could these assembly intermediates be result of evolution, faced the fact that they have no function outside and beside building the PSII complex ?
How could they find out through evolution, how the subunits would have to be mounted in the right sequence, order, and at the right place ? what survival advantage would that bring to these intermediates ? Survival is only granted as a whole of the fully assembled ans working PSII complex.
http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/conten...1/347.abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis produces various radicals and active oxygen species with harmful effects on photosystem II (PSII). Such photodamage occurs at all light intensities. Damaged PSII centres, however, do not usually accumulate in the thylakoid membrane due to a rapid and efficient repair mechanism.
My point:
unless this repair mechanism would have not been in place right from the beginning, PSII probably would not be able to function in order to sustain life of the plant, algae, or bacterium for enough time. How could it evolve separately ? That is a interdependent system.
The PSII alone would have no function, but the whole Z-Scheme must be in place, with all nano machines, light harvesting complexes, oxygen evolving complex, Photosystem complexes, subunits, ATP Synthase, Calvin Cycle, Rubisco , Thykaloid membrane in place to form a proton gradient etc. Thats a highly complex interdependent system. Take away one part, like chlorophyll molecules, and the whole system ceases to function..... How do you imagine it to arise through evolution ? And why and how after all, would natural processes select such a energy intesive and extremely complex way like water splitting ?
http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/conten...1/347.abstract
The excellent design ( :=)) ) of PSII gives protection to most of the protein components and the damage is most often targeted only to the reaction centre D1 protein. Repair of PSII via turnover of the damaged protein subunits is a complex process involving
(i) highly regulated reversible phosphorylation of several PSII core subunits
Photosynthetic water splitting involves highly oxidative chemistry, which is accomplished by a unique PSII complex. PSII converts light energy into chemical form using water as a source of electrons and liberating molecular oxygen as a side product. Light is a harmful substrate for the water-splitting PSII complex, exposing its protein subunits to structural damage.
A number of protective systems exist in the thylakoid membrane and surrounding stroma to dissipate excess light energy and to scavenge various radicals and active oxygen species.
My point :
how could this regulation be result of evolution ? unless the regulation mechanism were not fully in place and working, it would have no function
thats just a few things to name....
Last edited by Otangelo on Sun Jun 19, 2022 10:33 pm; edited 10 times in total
