Nature's Robots point to design
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2978-nature-s-robots-point-to-design
1. Machines, robots, fully automated manufacturing production lines, transport carriers, turbines, transistors, computers, and factories are always set up by intelligent designers
2. Science has discovered, that cells are literally chemical nano factories, that operate based on molecular machines, protein robots, kinesin protein carriers, autonomous self-regulated production lines, generate energy through turbines, neuron transistors, and computers
3. Therefore, most probably, Cell factories containing all those things are the product of an intelligent designer.
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2978-nature-s-robots-point-to-design
Molecular machines
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t1289-molecular-machines-in-biology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_machine
Science papers:
1.“Biological machines: from mills to molecules,” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Vol. 1:149-153 (November, 2000).
2.Thomas Köcher & Giulio Superti-Furga, "Mass spectrometry-based functional proteomics: from molecular machines to protein networks," Nature Methods (October, 2007).
3."Crystalline Molecular Machines: A Quest Toward Solid-State Dynamics and Function," Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 39(6):413-422 (2006).
4."Molecular Machines," Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 6:363-395 (2004).
5."The Closest Look Ever At The Cell's Machines,” ScienceDaily.com (January 24, 2006).
6."The Cell as a Collection of Protein Machines: Preparing the Next Generation of Molecular Biologists," Cell, Vol. 92:291 (February 6, 1998).
7.Walter Neupert, "Highlight: Molecular Machines," Biological Chemistry, Vol. 386:711(August, 2005).
8.Seiji Kojima and David F. Blair, “The Bacterial Flagellar Motor: Structure and Function of a Complex Molecular Machine,” International Review of Cytology, Vol. 233:93-134 (2004).
9.Hugo ten Cate, “The blood coagulation system as a molecular machine,” BioEssays, Vol. 25:1220-1228 (2003).
10.John L Woolford, Jr, “Assembly of ribosomes and spliceosomes: complex ribonucleoprotein machines,” Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Vol. 21(1):109-118 (February, 2009).
11.Reinhard Lührmann, "The Spliceosome: Design Principles of a Dynamic RNP Machine," Cell, Vol. 136: 701-718 (February 20, 2009).
12.Timothy W. Nilsen, "The spliceosome: the most complex macromolecular machine in the cell?," BioEssays, Vol. 25:1147-1149 (2003).
13.L. Yarmush, "Molecular Machines," Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 6:363-395 (2004);
14.Paul D. Boyer, "The ATP Synthase--A Splendid Molecular Machine," Vol. 66:717-749 (1997);
15.Steven M. Block, "Real engines of creation," Nature, Vol. 386:217-219 (March 20, 1997).
16.C. Mavroidis, A. Dubey, and M.L. Yarmush, "Molecular Machines," Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 6:363-395 (2004)
17.Ronald D. Vale, “The Molecular Motor Toolbox for Intracellular Transport,” Cell, Vol. 112:467-480 (February 21, 2003).
18.Sharyn A. Endow, “Kinesin motors as molecular machines,” BioEssays, Vol. 25:1212-1219 (2003).
19.Michiel Meijer, “Mitochondrial biogenesis: The Tom and Tim machine,” Current Biology, Vol. 7:R100-R103 (1997).
20.Maurizio Brunori, "Structure and function of a molecular machine: cytochrome c oxidase," Biophysical Chemistry, Vol. 54: 1-33 (1995).
21.Robert T. Sauer, “Structures of Asymmetric ClpX Hexamers Reveal Nucleotide-Dependent Motions in a AAA+ Protein-Unfolding Machine,” Cell, Vol. 139:744-756 (November 13, 2009).
Proteins are robots
Nature's robots: A history of proteins: Tanford, C., Reynolds, J
Shape-shifting molecular robots respond to DNA signals
When Nature's Robots Go Rogue: Exploring Protein ...
- Document - Nature's Robots: a History of Proteins - Gale
Bio-Inspired Self-Organizing Robotic Systems
GACR - Proteins - Multi-robot Systems
Buy Nature's Robots: A History of Proteins Book Online at Low ...
Molecular production lines
A molecular production line | Nature Chemistry
molecular assembly line | News and features
The molecular biology of production cell lines. - NCBI
Cell-Like 'Molecular Assembly Lines' of ... - Cordis
Biologically inspired molecular assembly lines - MIT Media Lab
DNA-based assembly lines and nanofactories
J M Jacobson Biologically inspired molecular assembly lines October 2004
Biology is full of enzymes that can be considered the world’s smallest and most complex assembly lines.
https://web.media.mit.edu/~walter/bttj/Paper27Pages270-277.pdf
Kenan AJBozhüyük Engineering enzymatic assembly lines to produce new antibiotics October 2019
Recently our understanding of assembly line structural biology, including an appreciation of the conformational changes that occur during the catalytic cycle, have improved hugely. Nature’s proven ability to ‘engineer’ assembly-line enzymes remains difficult to recapitulate in the lab.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527419300268
Janet L. Smith An Enzyme Assembly Line 2008 Sep 5
The fundamental polymers of biology—proteins, DNA, and RNA—are products of repetitive condensation of simple amino acid or nucleotide building blocks. Other biomolecules require additional reactions beyond condensation of building blocks. Examples are the fatty acids and the polyketide and nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites. These molecules are produced by complex enzyme assembly lines that include multiple catalytic domains.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936446/
Drew A. Vander Wood The Modules of trans-Acyltransferase Assembly Lines Redefined with a Central Acyl Carrier Protein 2018 June
The key domain in both the polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) modules of assembly lines is the acyl carrier protein (ACP).
https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC5934314&blobtype=pdf
Cell factories
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2245-abiogenesis-the-factory-maker-argument
Microbial cell factory is an approach to bioengineering which considers microbial cells as a production facility in which the optimization process largely depends on metabolic engineering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cell_factory
Science papers:
The Molecular Fabric of Cells BIOTOL, B.C. Currell and R C.E Dam-Mieras (Auth.)
Plant Cells as Chemical Factories: Control and Recovery of Valuable Products
Fine Tuning our Cellular Factories: Sirtuins in Mitochondrial Biology
Cells As Molecular Factories
Eukaryotic cells are molecular factories in two senses: cells produce molecules and cells are made up of molecules.
Ribosome: Lessons of a molecular factory construction
Nucleolus: the ribosome factory
Ribosome: The cell city's factories
The Cell's Protein Factory in Action
What looks like a jumble of rubber bands and twisty ties is the ribosome, the cellular protein factory.
Chloroplasts are the microscopic factories on which all life on Earth is based.
Visualization of the active expression site locus by tagging with green fluorescent protein shows that it is specifically located at this unique pol I transcriptional factory.
There are millions of protein factories in every cell. Surprise, they’re not all the same
Rough ER is also a membrane factory for the cell; it grows in place by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane.
Endoplasmic reticulum: Scientists image 'parking garage' helix structure in protein-making factory
Theoretical biologists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have used a New Mexico supercomputer to aid an international research team in untangling another mystery related to ribosomes -- those enigmatic jumbles of molecules that are the protein factories of living cells.
The molecular factory that translates the information from RNA to proteins is called the "ribosome"
Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum protein factory
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a factory where secretory proteins are manufactured, and where stringent quality-control systems ensure that only correctly folded proteins are sent to their final destinations. The changing needs of the ER factory are monitored by integrated signalling pathways that constantly adjust the levels of folding assistants.
Molecular factories: The combination between nature and chemistry is functional
The brain is a " Uber-Computer "
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2734-the-brain-is-a-uber-computer-far-more-sophisticated-that-man-made-computers
The Cell is a super computer
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2712-the-cell-is-a-super-computer?highlight=computer
Your Cortex Contains 17 Billion Computers
Yes, the brain is a computer…
An 83,000-Processor Supercomputer Can Only Match 1% of Your Brain
Why cells are like computers—And how ‘hacking’ them could lead to new diagnostic tools
Hidden Computational Power Found in the Arms of Neurons
Dendritic action potentials and computation in human layer 2/3 cortical neurons
Single neuron dynamics and computation
What can a single neuron compute?
Brain-Inspired Computing Could Lead to Better Neuroscience
Neurons are transistors
Synaptic transistor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_transistor
Neuron transistor behaves like a brain neuron - Phys.org
Digital: From Neurons to Transistors - LinkedIn
Capacitive neural network with neuro-transistors | Nature
A neuron-astrocyte transistor-like model for neuromorphic dressed neurons.
Electrolyte-gated organic synapse transistor interfaced ... - arXiv
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2978-nature-s-robots-point-to-design
1. Machines, robots, fully automated manufacturing production lines, transport carriers, turbines, transistors, computers, and factories are always set up by intelligent designers
2. Science has discovered, that cells are literally chemical nano factories, that operate based on molecular machines, protein robots, kinesin protein carriers, autonomous self-regulated production lines, generate energy through turbines, neuron transistors, and computers
3. Therefore, most probably, Cell factories containing all those things are the product of an intelligent designer.
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2978-nature-s-robots-point-to-design
Molecular machines
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t1289-molecular-machines-in-biology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_machine
Science papers:
1.“Biological machines: from mills to molecules,” Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Vol. 1:149-153 (November, 2000).
2.Thomas Köcher & Giulio Superti-Furga, "Mass spectrometry-based functional proteomics: from molecular machines to protein networks," Nature Methods (October, 2007).
3."Crystalline Molecular Machines: A Quest Toward Solid-State Dynamics and Function," Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 39(6):413-422 (2006).
4."Molecular Machines," Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 6:363-395 (2004).
5."The Closest Look Ever At The Cell's Machines,” ScienceDaily.com (January 24, 2006).
6."The Cell as a Collection of Protein Machines: Preparing the Next Generation of Molecular Biologists," Cell, Vol. 92:291 (February 6, 1998).
7.Walter Neupert, "Highlight: Molecular Machines," Biological Chemistry, Vol. 386:711(August, 2005).
8.Seiji Kojima and David F. Blair, “The Bacterial Flagellar Motor: Structure and Function of a Complex Molecular Machine,” International Review of Cytology, Vol. 233:93-134 (2004).
9.Hugo ten Cate, “The blood coagulation system as a molecular machine,” BioEssays, Vol. 25:1220-1228 (2003).
10.John L Woolford, Jr, “Assembly of ribosomes and spliceosomes: complex ribonucleoprotein machines,” Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Vol. 21(1):109-118 (February, 2009).
11.Reinhard Lührmann, "The Spliceosome: Design Principles of a Dynamic RNP Machine," Cell, Vol. 136: 701-718 (February 20, 2009).
12.Timothy W. Nilsen, "The spliceosome: the most complex macromolecular machine in the cell?," BioEssays, Vol. 25:1147-1149 (2003).
13.L. Yarmush, "Molecular Machines," Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 6:363-395 (2004);
14.Paul D. Boyer, "The ATP Synthase--A Splendid Molecular Machine," Vol. 66:717-749 (1997);
15.Steven M. Block, "Real engines of creation," Nature, Vol. 386:217-219 (March 20, 1997).
16.C. Mavroidis, A. Dubey, and M.L. Yarmush, "Molecular Machines," Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 6:363-395 (2004)
17.Ronald D. Vale, “The Molecular Motor Toolbox for Intracellular Transport,” Cell, Vol. 112:467-480 (February 21, 2003).
18.Sharyn A. Endow, “Kinesin motors as molecular machines,” BioEssays, Vol. 25:1212-1219 (2003).
19.Michiel Meijer, “Mitochondrial biogenesis: The Tom and Tim machine,” Current Biology, Vol. 7:R100-R103 (1997).
20.Maurizio Brunori, "Structure and function of a molecular machine: cytochrome c oxidase," Biophysical Chemistry, Vol. 54: 1-33 (1995).
21.Robert T. Sauer, “Structures of Asymmetric ClpX Hexamers Reveal Nucleotide-Dependent Motions in a AAA+ Protein-Unfolding Machine,” Cell, Vol. 139:744-756 (November 13, 2009).
Proteins are robots
Nature's robots: A history of proteins: Tanford, C., Reynolds, J
Shape-shifting molecular robots respond to DNA signals
When Nature's Robots Go Rogue: Exploring Protein ...
- Document - Nature's Robots: a History of Proteins - Gale
Bio-Inspired Self-Organizing Robotic Systems
GACR - Proteins - Multi-robot Systems
Buy Nature's Robots: A History of Proteins Book Online at Low ...
Molecular production lines
A molecular production line | Nature Chemistry
molecular assembly line | News and features
The molecular biology of production cell lines. - NCBI
Cell-Like 'Molecular Assembly Lines' of ... - Cordis
Biologically inspired molecular assembly lines - MIT Media Lab
DNA-based assembly lines and nanofactories
J M Jacobson Biologically inspired molecular assembly lines October 2004
Biology is full of enzymes that can be considered the world’s smallest and most complex assembly lines.
https://web.media.mit.edu/~walter/bttj/Paper27Pages270-277.pdf
Kenan AJBozhüyük Engineering enzymatic assembly lines to produce new antibiotics October 2019
Recently our understanding of assembly line structural biology, including an appreciation of the conformational changes that occur during the catalytic cycle, have improved hugely. Nature’s proven ability to ‘engineer’ assembly-line enzymes remains difficult to recapitulate in the lab.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527419300268
Janet L. Smith An Enzyme Assembly Line 2008 Sep 5
The fundamental polymers of biology—proteins, DNA, and RNA—are products of repetitive condensation of simple amino acid or nucleotide building blocks. Other biomolecules require additional reactions beyond condensation of building blocks. Examples are the fatty acids and the polyketide and nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites. These molecules are produced by complex enzyme assembly lines that include multiple catalytic domains.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936446/
Drew A. Vander Wood The Modules of trans-Acyltransferase Assembly Lines Redefined with a Central Acyl Carrier Protein 2018 June
The key domain in both the polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) modules of assembly lines is the acyl carrier protein (ACP).
https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC5934314&blobtype=pdf
Cell factories
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2245-abiogenesis-the-factory-maker-argument
Microbial cell factory is an approach to bioengineering which considers microbial cells as a production facility in which the optimization process largely depends on metabolic engineering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_cell_factory
Science papers:
The Molecular Fabric of Cells BIOTOL, B.C. Currell and R C.E Dam-Mieras (Auth.)
Plant Cells as Chemical Factories: Control and Recovery of Valuable Products
Fine Tuning our Cellular Factories: Sirtuins in Mitochondrial Biology
Cells As Molecular Factories
Eukaryotic cells are molecular factories in two senses: cells produce molecules and cells are made up of molecules.
Ribosome: Lessons of a molecular factory construction
Nucleolus: the ribosome factory
Ribosome: The cell city's factories
The Cell's Protein Factory in Action
What looks like a jumble of rubber bands and twisty ties is the ribosome, the cellular protein factory.
Chloroplasts are the microscopic factories on which all life on Earth is based.
Visualization of the active expression site locus by tagging with green fluorescent protein shows that it is specifically located at this unique pol I transcriptional factory.
There are millions of protein factories in every cell. Surprise, they’re not all the same
Rough ER is also a membrane factory for the cell; it grows in place by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane.
Endoplasmic reticulum: Scientists image 'parking garage' helix structure in protein-making factory
Theoretical biologists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have used a New Mexico supercomputer to aid an international research team in untangling another mystery related to ribosomes -- those enigmatic jumbles of molecules that are the protein factories of living cells.
The molecular factory that translates the information from RNA to proteins is called the "ribosome"
Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum protein factory
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a factory where secretory proteins are manufactured, and where stringent quality-control systems ensure that only correctly folded proteins are sent to their final destinations. The changing needs of the ER factory are monitored by integrated signalling pathways that constantly adjust the levels of folding assistants.
Molecular factories: The combination between nature and chemistry is functional
The brain is a " Uber-Computer "
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2734-the-brain-is-a-uber-computer-far-more-sophisticated-that-man-made-computers
The Cell is a super computer
https://reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2712-the-cell-is-a-super-computer?highlight=computer
Your Cortex Contains 17 Billion Computers
Yes, the brain is a computer…
An 83,000-Processor Supercomputer Can Only Match 1% of Your Brain
Why cells are like computers—And how ‘hacking’ them could lead to new diagnostic tools
Hidden Computational Power Found in the Arms of Neurons
Dendritic action potentials and computation in human layer 2/3 cortical neurons
Single neuron dynamics and computation
What can a single neuron compute?
Brain-Inspired Computing Could Lead to Better Neuroscience
Neurons are transistors
Synaptic transistor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_transistor
Neuron transistor behaves like a brain neuron - Phys.org
Digital: From Neurons to Transistors - LinkedIn
Capacitive neural network with neuro-transistors | Nature
A neuron-astrocyte transistor-like model for neuromorphic dressed neurons.
Electrolyte-gated organic synapse transistor interfaced ... - arXiv
Last edited by Otangelo on Sat May 28, 2022 12:06 pm; edited 1 time in total
