Proteins / Enzymes with Metal Clusters in LUCA
[2Fe-2S] Cluster:
Biotin synthase: Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR): Some forms contain a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) (EC 1.3.3.1): Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.2): Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase: Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) (EC 1.4.1.2): Some forms contain a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster with 2 iron (Fe) atoms and 2 sulfur (S) atoms.
NADH:quinone oxidoreductase: Contains several [Fe-S] clusters.
Oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase: Contains [2Fe-2S] clusters.
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (EC 1.17.4.1): Can contain a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1): Contains a [2Fe-2S] type often associated with chemolithoautotrophs.
Succinate dehydrogenase: Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
[3Fe-4S] Cluster:
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1): Contains a [3Fe-4S] cluster type.
Succinate dehydrogenase: Contains a [3Fe-4S] cluster.
[4Fe-4S] Cluster:
5-aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) carboxylase (PurK) (EC 4.1.1.21): Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Aconitase: Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster with 4 iron (Fe) atoms and 4 sulfur (S) atoms.
Biotin synthase: Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Coenzyme F430 biosynthetic protein FbiC: Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Formate dehydrogenase: Contains a [Mo-4Fe-4S] cluster.
Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT): Some forms contain a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
MoaA and MoaC: Both have [4Fe-4S] clusters.
Oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase: Contains multiple [4Fe-4S] clusters.
Phosphomethylpyrimidine synthase (ThiC): Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (EC 1.17.4.1): Can contain a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Succinate dehydrogenase: Contains several [Fe-S] clusters, including [3Fe-4S], [4Fe-4S], and [2Fe-2S].
[5Fe-4S] Cluster:
CO Dehydrogenase/Acetyl-CoA Synthase (CODH/ACS): Contains a [5Fe-4S] cluster.
[Ni-Fe] Cluster:
Hydrogenase: Contains a [Ni-Fe] metal center with nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) atoms.
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase: Contains a [Ni-Fe] metal center.
[NiFe-4S] Cluster:
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase (CODH): Contains a [NiFe-4S] cluster.
CO Dehydrogenase/Acetyl-CoA Synthase (CODH/ACS): Contains a [NiFe-4S] cluster.
Hydrogenase: Contains a [Ni-Fe] metal center.
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase: Contains a [Ni-Fe] metal center.
[Mo] Cluster:
Nitrate Reductase: Contains a [Mo] metal center.
MoaA: Contains a [Mo/W] cofactor.
[Mo-4Fe-4S] Cluster:
Formate dehydrogenase: Contains a [Mo-4Fe-4S] cluster.
[Cu] Cluster:
Laccase: Contains multiple Cu centers (often 4 copper atoms).
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]: Contains both Cu and Zn centers.
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX): Contains CuA and CuB centers.
Other Metal Centers:
Carbonic anhydrase (R10092): Typically contains a Zn²⁺ zinc ion at its active site.
Cobaltochelatase: Inserts cobalt into the corrin ring.
Ferrochelatase: Incorporates a ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) to produce heme and contains a Magnesium (Mg) metal center.
Histidine kinase (HK): Can contain iron, magnesium, or zinc.
Hydrogenase nickel incorporation protein HypB: Contains a [Ni] metal center and is associated with Ni insertion in hydrogenases.
Ketopantoate reductase: Requires metal ions like [Mn2+] or [Mg2+] for activity.
Manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD): Contains a Manganese (Mn) metal center.
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein A (MoaA): Crucial for the synthesis of the active molybdenum cofactor.
Phospholipase C (Plc): Some forms contain zinc (Zn).
UreE, UreG, UreF, UreH: Nickel metallochaperones for urease maturation and contains a [Ni] metal center.
Zinc-transporting ATPase (ZntA): Transports Zn.
ZnuA: Contains a [Zn] metal center and is a high-affinity zinc uptake protein.
Complex Metal Centers:
Carbonic anhydrase (R10092): Contains a Zn²⁺ zinc ion.
Cytochrome c oxidase: Part of the respiratory electron transport chain with multiple metal centers including CuA and CuB centers.
Ketopantoate reductase: Requires metal ions like [Mn2+] or [Mg2+].
Nitrogenase: Contains a [MoFe7S9C-homocitrate] cluster.
Nitrite Reductase [NO-forming]: Contains a [CuZ] center and [siroheme] and [Fe4S4] clusters.
Nitrous oxide reductase: Contains CuZ center.
Succinate dehydrogenase: Contains multiple clusters, including [3Fe-4S], [4Fe-4S], and [2Fe-2S].
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]: Contains both Cu and Zn centers.
Zinc-transporting ATPase (ZntA): Transports [Zn].
ZnuA: Contains a [Zn] metal center.
Total 60 enzymes
[2Fe-2S] Cluster:
Biotin synthase: Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR): Some forms contain a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) (EC 1.3.3.1): Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.2): Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase: Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) (EC 1.4.1.2): Some forms contain a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster with 2 iron (Fe) atoms and 2 sulfur (S) atoms.
NADH:quinone oxidoreductase: Contains several [Fe-S] clusters.
Oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase: Contains [2Fe-2S] clusters.
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (EC 1.17.4.1): Can contain a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1): Contains a [2Fe-2S] type often associated with chemolithoautotrophs.
Succinate dehydrogenase: Contains a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
[3Fe-4S] Cluster:
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1): Contains a [3Fe-4S] cluster type.
Succinate dehydrogenase: Contains a [3Fe-4S] cluster.
[4Fe-4S] Cluster:
5-aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) carboxylase (PurK) (EC 4.1.1.21): Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Aconitase: Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster with 4 iron (Fe) atoms and 4 sulfur (S) atoms.
Biotin synthase: Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Coenzyme F430 biosynthetic protein FbiC: Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Formate dehydrogenase: Contains a [Mo-4Fe-4S] cluster.
Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT): Some forms contain a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
MoaA and MoaC: Both have [4Fe-4S] clusters.
Oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase: Contains multiple [4Fe-4S] clusters.
Phosphomethylpyrimidine synthase (ThiC): Contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) (EC 1.17.4.1): Can contain a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
Succinate dehydrogenase: Contains several [Fe-S] clusters, including [3Fe-4S], [4Fe-4S], and [2Fe-2S].
[5Fe-4S] Cluster:
CO Dehydrogenase/Acetyl-CoA Synthase (CODH/ACS): Contains a [5Fe-4S] cluster.
[Ni-Fe] Cluster:
Hydrogenase: Contains a [Ni-Fe] metal center with nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) atoms.
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase: Contains a [Ni-Fe] metal center.
[NiFe-4S] Cluster:
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase (CODH): Contains a [NiFe-4S] cluster.
CO Dehydrogenase/Acetyl-CoA Synthase (CODH/ACS): Contains a [NiFe-4S] cluster.
Hydrogenase: Contains a [Ni-Fe] metal center.
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase: Contains a [Ni-Fe] metal center.
[Mo] Cluster:
Nitrate Reductase: Contains a [Mo] metal center.
MoaA: Contains a [Mo/W] cofactor.
[Mo-4Fe-4S] Cluster:
Formate dehydrogenase: Contains a [Mo-4Fe-4S] cluster.
[Cu] Cluster:
Laccase: Contains multiple Cu centers (often 4 copper atoms).
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]: Contains both Cu and Zn centers.
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX): Contains CuA and CuB centers.
Other Metal Centers:
Carbonic anhydrase (R10092): Typically contains a Zn²⁺ zinc ion at its active site.
Cobaltochelatase: Inserts cobalt into the corrin ring.
Ferrochelatase: Incorporates a ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) to produce heme and contains a Magnesium (Mg) metal center.
Histidine kinase (HK): Can contain iron, magnesium, or zinc.
Hydrogenase nickel incorporation protein HypB: Contains a [Ni] metal center and is associated with Ni insertion in hydrogenases.
Ketopantoate reductase: Requires metal ions like [Mn2+] or [Mg2+] for activity.
Manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD): Contains a Manganese (Mn) metal center.
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein A (MoaA): Crucial for the synthesis of the active molybdenum cofactor.
Phospholipase C (Plc): Some forms contain zinc (Zn).
UreE, UreG, UreF, UreH: Nickel metallochaperones for urease maturation and contains a [Ni] metal center.
Zinc-transporting ATPase (ZntA): Transports Zn.
ZnuA: Contains a [Zn] metal center and is a high-affinity zinc uptake protein.
Complex Metal Centers:
Carbonic anhydrase (R10092): Contains a Zn²⁺ zinc ion.
Cytochrome c oxidase: Part of the respiratory electron transport chain with multiple metal centers including CuA and CuB centers.
Ketopantoate reductase: Requires metal ions like [Mn2+] or [Mg2+].
Nitrogenase: Contains a [MoFe7S9C-homocitrate] cluster.
Nitrite Reductase [NO-forming]: Contains a [CuZ] center and [siroheme] and [Fe4S4] clusters.
Nitrous oxide reductase: Contains CuZ center.
Succinate dehydrogenase: Contains multiple clusters, including [3Fe-4S], [4Fe-4S], and [2Fe-2S].
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]: Contains both Cu and Zn centers.
Zinc-transporting ATPase (ZntA): Transports [Zn].
ZnuA: Contains a [Zn] metal center.
Total 60 enzymes
Last edited by Otangelo on Thu 19 Oct 2023 - 19:43; edited 2 times in total